Preparing for adulthood

Preparation for adulthood (PFA) is a term used to support the transition from childhood to adulthood for children and young people with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND). Preparing the transition to adulthood is an ongoing process from early years. The Childrens and Families Act Code of Practice defines the four areas as:

• Education/employment
• Independent and supported living
• Being part of your local community
• Supporting good health

Schools, colleges, health and social care should work together to support young people with SEND to prepare for thier adult life. For young people with an education, health and care plan, the annual review must have a focus on the preparation for adulthood from year 9 or sooner. The annual review will be based on the strengths and aspirations of the child or young person to help them achieve their best outcomes for preparation for adulthood.

From the end of compulsory school age (16 years old), decisions about their future lie directly with the young person (link yellow text to box 8 below) rather than their parents. A young person may be supported to make informed decisions about their future if they lack capacity to do so. 

Transition into adulthood and completion of further education and training will happen at different stages for young people. Some may be prepared for employment and/or higher education, or they may finish their formal education and transition into full adult health or care services, which will continue to support their future adulthood needs.